Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Analysis for the United
States

Science shows that the planet is warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Transparent reporting mechanisms for GHG emissions are crucial to understanding and tracking emission trends to inform effective policy strategies for current and future mitigation.

This report presents an annual inventory of GHG sources and sinks in the United States of America, for years 1990 through 2024 (the most recent year for which data are available). The report is grounded in data collection, analysis, and presentation practices that can enable comparability and continuity with past U.S. official inventories prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The report adheres to good practice as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and international standards for transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability, and consistency.

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  • Chapter 1

    Chapter 1: Introduction

    Introduction provides an overview of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Analysis for the United States, including descriptions of the institutional arrangements and methodological approaches used.

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  • Chapter 2

    Chapter 2: Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals

    Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals describes national greenhouse gas emission trends by sector and by greenhouse gas.

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  • Chapter 3

    Chapter 3: Energy

    Energy provides an overview of emissions from the energy sector including greenhouse gases from fuel combustion and fugitive emissions associated with the production, transmission, storage, and distribution of coal, oil, and natural gas.

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  • Chapter 4

    Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and Product Use

    Industrial Processes and Product Use describes emissions and trends associated with producing chemicals, metals, and minerals and those emitted from various product uses (e.g., refrigeration and air conditioning).

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  • Chapter 5

    Chapter 5: Agriculture

    Agriculture describes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural management activities including livestock production, crop cultivation, and agricultural land management.

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  • Chapter 6

    Chapter 6: Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry

    Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry describes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals associated with changes within and conversions between forest land, cropland, grassland, wetlands, settlements, and other land uses.

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  • Chapter 7

    Chapter 7: Waste

    Waste describes emissions and trends from waste management activities, including municipal solid waste landfills, wastewater, and composting.

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  • Chapter 8

    Chapter 8: Other

    Other describes sources not allocated to specific sources within other sectors.

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  • Chapter 9

    Chapter 9: Recalculations and Improvements

    Recalculations and Improvements describes impacts to emission levels and trends from recalculations of previous estimates to incorporate updated methods and data.

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