Explore the Report
Executive Summary
The Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Analysis for the United States (GHGIA) presents a comprehensive picture of greenhouse gas (GHG) sources and sinks covering the geographical region of the United States. The data are presented for each year from 1990 through 2024, the latter being the most recent year when comprehensive data are available for the entire economy.
Along with detailed results for single years and analyses of trends over time, this report presents methodological descriptions, data inputs, a characterization of uncertainties, recalculations, and improvements. The report adheres to good practice as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and to international standards for transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability, and consistency. This report has been developed in a manner that supports comparability and continuity with past official U.S. inventories prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The GHGIA is not an official national inventory on behalf of the United States, nor is it an official submission in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Accessible versions of the report and annexes to the GHGIA will be published to the website in the coming weeks.
About the Chapters
Click on each chapter to explore more
Chapter 1: Introduction
A greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is a fundamental component of an overall strategy to plan, manage, implement, and assess greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts. A national GHG inventory identifies the magnitude of individual sources and sinks within a country in a single year, and tracks changes over time, so that it is possible to compare source and sink strengths and trends. This chapter provides an overview of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Analysis for the United States (GHGIA) for the United States, including descriptions of the institutional arrangements and methodological approaches used.
Download the Chapter
Chapter 2: Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals
This chapter describes national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trends by sector and by GHG. Emissions for non-carbon dioxide (CO₂) GHGs are presented as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂ Eq.) using the 100-year global warming potential (GWP) values contained in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013). Converting emissions into CO₂ Eq. allows the radiative forcing effect of various gas emissions in the atmosphere to be compared.
Download the Chapter
Chapter 3: Energy
This chapter describes national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the energy sector including from fossil fuel combustion and fugitive emissions associated with energy production, transmission, and use. Fossil fuel combustion emissions are broken out by energy-consuming end use sectors including the residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power sectors of the economy. Fuel use in U.S. Territories is also included but not broken out into end use sector detail. Fugitive emissions are reported for the production, transmission, storage, and distribution of coal, oil, and natural gas.
Download the Chapter
Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and Product Use
This chapter includes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industrial processes that chemically or physically transform raw materials, as well as emissions that are released during the use of products. Industrial activities that emit GHGs include mineral production, metal production, chemical production, and product use applications.
Download the Chapter
Chapter 5: Agriculture
This chapter describes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural management activities including enteric fermentation (CH₄), manure management (CH₄ and N₂O), rice cultivation (CH₄), agricultural soil management (N₂O), liming of agricultural soils (CO₂), urea fertilization (CO₂) and field burning of agricultural residues (CH₄ and N₂O).
Download the Chapter
Chapter 6: Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
This chapter describes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals associated with changes within and conversions between forest land, cropland, grassland, wetlands, settlements, and other land uses. Emissions or removals in this are estimated from the net annual change in carbon stocks across the main ecosystem pools (living biomass, dead organic matter, and soil organic matter) and other emitting activities (e.g., non-CO₂ emissions from forest fires).
Download the Chapter
Chapter 7: Waste
This chapter describes national greenhouse gas emissions and trends from waste management activities, including from managing solid waste in landfills, wastewater treatment and discharge, composting and anaerobic digestion.
Download the Chapter
Chapter 8: Other
This chapter describes sources not allocated to specific sources within other sectors. No greenhouse gas emissions and/or removals are currently reported under this category.
Download the Chapter
Chapter 9: Recalculations
This chapter describes significant recalculations implemented to incorporate updated methods and data, the impact of those updates on emission levels and trends since the previous inventory and describes notable future areas for improvement.
Download the Chapter